高温高压下电解质溶液热力学性质的研究进展     

陈晋阳  郑海飞  曾贻善 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(3):198-201

高温高压下电解质溶液热力学性质的研究不仅对探讨地球内部流体的作用具有重要意义，而且在很多实际工业过程中也都有广泛应用。本综述了近10年来高温高压下电解质溶液热力学参数的实验测量和理论计算的进展，实验设备还有待进一步的改进和完善，以获得更高温度和压力下的数据，理论计算不仅有待于实验的发展，也与溶液的结构理论密切相关。  相似文献   

层柱粘土材料制备与应用研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

周春晖  葛忠华  李春生  李小年 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(4):242-246

简述了层柱粘土矿物材料研究与应用的现状和进展。利用粘土矿物蒙脱石作母体，通过大体积的铝、锆、硅等交联剂插层可制成层柱多孔材料，在酸催化、氧化还原催化中均有十分广阔的应用前景。研究表明，改进制备工艺后可提高层柱蒙脱石的热稳定性、比表面积和催化活性；通过酸或表面活性剂等预处理，再进行粘土的支撑，可以调节和控制层柱粘土的结构与性能；采用有机改性和模板导向等技术，可获得孔径介于大微孔和中孔之间的新型层柱粘土矿物材料，并应用于大分子催化反应与吸附，为粘土矿物材料合成和应用开辟了新方向。  相似文献   

中国首例铁氧化物-铜-金-铀-稀土型矿床的厘定及其成矿演化   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

李泽琴  胡瑞忠  王奖臻  刘家军  李朝阳  刘玉平  叶霖 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(4):258-260

通过对拉拉矿床物共生组合、矿物生成顺序、矿石特征的研究，发现其矿石物以磁铁矿为主，铁和铜的硫化物次之，并含有大量稀土矿物和自然金。拉拉矿床至少经历了两期成矿作用：早期为区域变质成矿作用，晚期为热液成矿作用。早期形成Fe-REE-P矿化，晚期为Cu-Mo-Au-Co-(U)矿化。根据这些特征，首次指出该矿床属于铁氧化物-铜-金-铀-稀土型矿床，而不是以往所称的块状硫化物型铜矿。  相似文献   

大别山东部花岗岩类的稀土元素地球化学及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡雄星  马东升 《矿产与地质》2002,16(6):321-326

在研究大别山东部主要花岗岩体的稀土元素地球化学特征、稀土元素配分型式的基础上 ,探讨了花岗岩体的物质来源、成岩模式及其构造意义。研究表明 :(1)大别山东部出露的主要花岗岩类岩体的物质来源基本相同 ,且源区具有古岛弧的特征 ;(2 )各岩体的成岩模式呈现以分离结晶作用为主的特征 ;(3)花岗质岩浆上侵的构造环境与中国东部燕山期构造转折的大背景有关。伸展拉张过程造成的地幔上涌不但是花岗岩类形成的构造条件 ,也对超高压变质岩的快速折返有重要影响。  相似文献   

青藏高原北羌塘半岛湖新生代粗面玄武岩橄榄石电子探针和激光探针分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赖绍聪  伊海生  刘池阳  O'Reilly S Y 《矿物学报》2002,22(2):107-112

利用电子探针和激光探针剥蚀系统（LA-ICP-MS），对北羌塘新第三纪粗面玄武岩中的橄榄石主元素和微量、稀土元素进行了系统分析。结果表明，本区橄榄石Fo平均为88，属贵橄榄石种属。相对富集Ni、Co和重稀土，而强烈亏损轻稀土及Rb、Sr、Ba、Zr等大离子亲石元素。其稀土元素配分型配分型式与粗面玄武岩全岩稀土配分型式呈互补状态。  相似文献   

中国煤系高岭岩(土)资源成矿机理与开发利用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘钦甫  杨晓杰  张鹏飞  卞建玲 《矿物学报》2002,22(4):359-364

中国含煤地层中高岭岩（土）分布广泛，成矿时代多，成因复杂，储量丰富，质地优良，是一种重要的自然资源和非金属矿产，具有极高的开发利用价值，在全世界独具特色。本文研究了中国煤系高岭岩（土）资源概况、研究简史；根据成分、结构、地质产状等特征，提出了中国煤系高岭岩（土）的成因类型；对生物和有机质在其形成中的作用进行了分析和探讨，并结合有机酸溶解矿物模拟实验对其成矿作用做了初步探索；最后对煤系高岭岩的某些关键性加工技术进行了简述。  相似文献   

地幔热柱及其成矿作用研究     

牛树银  孙爱群  谢汝斌  许传诗  王宝德  杨志宏  毕伏科  孙冀凡 《华北地质》2002,25(1):11-22

成矿作用研究表明 ,在地球的演化历史中 ,成矿数量有从少到多 ,聚矿能力有由弱到强的演化趋势。中生代为全球规模的成矿大爆发阶段 ,究其原因可能与地球的发展演化密切相关。地球形成的早期 ,由于地球物质尚未充分分异 ,成矿强度不大。当然 ,有部分在地球演化早期形成的矿床 ,在后来的多次构造改造过程中被改造迁移 ,甚至消失。中生代地球进入了一个强烈的地幔热柱活动时期 ,聚集于D”层及外核的成矿物质可通过地幔热柱多级演化向上迁移 ,并在幔枝构造的有利构造扩容带中成矿 ,幔枝构造则成为中生代主要的成矿控矿构造类型  相似文献   

Analysis of Post-Failure Slope Movements within the Framework of Hazard and Risk Analysis     

Vaunat  Jean  Leroueil  Serge 《Natural Hazards》2002,26(1):81-107

The paper first recalls briefly a methodological framework to assess landslide hazard and risk analysis in terms of predisposition, triggering andrevealing factors. This framework, that reflects the mechanisms involved in the landslide, is based on the Geotechnical Characterisation of slope movements proposed by Vaunat et al. (1994) and Leroueil et al. (1996). The Geotechnical Characterisation can be schematized by a 3-D matrix having the following axes: types of movement; types ofmaterial; and the four stages of movement: pre-failure, failure, post-failure andreactivation. For each relevant element of this 3-D matrix, there is a characterisationsheet including: the controlling laws and parameters, the predisposition factors, thetriggering or aggravating factors, the revealing factors and the consequences of the movement. The paper focuses afterwards on the post-failure stage, which generallyis the most destructive, and on the mobility index. It is shown that this laterindex can be described as the product of sub-indices associated with failure, brittlenessof the material, ability of the soil to develop pore pressures, geometry of the moving soil mass and characteristics of the terrain. It is also shown how these aspectscan be incorporated into the Geotechnical characterisation of slope movements. This seems to provide a rational basis for examining slope movements at the post-failure stage and assessing associated risks.  相似文献   

A multi-scale study on land use and land cover quality change: The case of the Yellow River Delta in China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Xuegong Xu  Honghai Guo  Xiaoling Chen  Huiping Lin  Qiaoling Du 《GeoJournal》2002,56(3):177-183

This paper presents a case study of the Yellow River Delta in China, to trace land use and land cover changes during the past 20 years, with an emphasis on land quality changes. Three sets of data are used in this case study: remote sensing data derived from satellite images; crop yield data from statistics; and soil data collected by the researchers in the field. Our study reveals that at the regional scale, LUCC has taken place in a positive direction: vegetation cover has been expanding and crop yields per hectare have been on rise. However, while the overall eco-environment has improved, the improvement is uneven across the Delta region. At local levels, some areas show signs of increased salinization and declining organic content. Both natural forces and human activities are responsible for the LUCC, but human activities play a more important role. While some impacts of human activities are positive, the damages are often long-lasting and irreversible. We also conclude that it is necessary to use both macro data (such as remote sensing data) and micro data (data collected in the field) to study land quality change. The former are efficient in examining land quality changes at the regional scale, the latter can serve to verify ground patterns revealed from macro data and help to identify local variations, so as to get a comprehensive understanding of LUCC and promote sustainable land use and land management. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Tectonic Subdivision of Dabie Orogenic Belt,Central China：Evidence from Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Late Mesozoic Basalts     

匡少平  张本仁 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(2):147-155

It has long been debated that the Dabie orogenic belt belongs to the North China or Yangtze craton. In recent years, eastern China has been suggested, based on the Pb isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic ore and Mesozoic granitoid K-feldspar (revealing the crust Pb) in combination with Meso-Cenozoic basalts (revealing the mantle Pb), being divided into the North China and Yangtze Pb isotopic provinces, where the crust and mantle of the Yangtze craton are characterized by more radiogenic Pb. In this sense, previous researchers suggested that the pro-EW-trending Dabie crogenic belt with less radiogenic Pb in the crust was part of the North China craton. In this paper, however, the Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and southern parts of the Dabie orogenic belt are characterized by some more radiogenic Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.936−18.349,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.500−15.688,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.399−38.775) and a unique U-Th-Pb trace element system similar to those of the Yangtze craton, showing that the Mesozoic mantle is of the Yangtze type. In addition, the decoupled Pb isotopic compositions between crust and mantle were considerably derived from their rheological inhomogeneity, implying a complicated evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49794043) and the Open Laboratory of Constitution, Interaction and Dynamics of the Crust-Mantle System, China.  相似文献